驅動馬達
[發布(bu)日期：2022-12-22 16:43:15
馬達就是(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機，是(shi)指依(yi)據電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁感應(ying)定律實現電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)轉換(huan)或傳遞的(de)種電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁裝置。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路中是(shi)用(yong)(yong)字母(mu)M（舊標(biao)準用(yong)(yong)D）表示，它的(de)主(zhu)要作用(yong)(yong)是(shi)產生驅(qu)動(dong)轉矩，作為用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器或各種機械(xie)(xie)的(de)動(dong)力源，發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路中用(yong)(yong)字母(mu)G表示，它的(de)主(zhu)要作用(yong)(yong)是(shi)利用(yong)(yong)機械(xie)(xie)能(neng)轉化為電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)。
分類：
1.按工作電源(yuan)種類劃分(fen)：可分(fen)為直流電機和(he)交流電機。
1）直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)電(dian)動機(ji)按結構及(ji)工作(zuo)原理可劃(hua)分：無刷直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)電(dian)動機(ji)和有刷直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)電(dian)動機(ji)。
有刷直(zhi)流電動機可(ke)劃分：永(yong)磁(ci)直(zhi)流電動機和(he)電磁(ci)直(zhi)流電動機。
電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁直(zhi)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)機劃分：串勵直(zhi)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)機、并勵直(zhi)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)機、他勵直(zhi)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)機和復勵直(zhi)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)機。
永(yong)磁直流電動(dong)機劃分：稀土永(yong)磁直流電動(dong)機、鐵氧體永(yong)磁直流電動(dong)機和鋁鎳鈷永(yong)磁直流電動(dong)機。
 2）其中交流電(dian)機還(huan)可劃分(fen)：單相(xiang)電(dian)機和三相(xiang)電(dian)機。
2.按(an)結構和(he)工(gong)作原理可劃(hua)分(fen)：可分(fen)為(wei)直流(liu)電動機、異(yi)步電動機、同步電動機。
  1）同(tong)(tong)步(bu)(bu)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)可劃分：永磁同(tong)(tong)步(bu)(bu)電(dian)(dian)動機(ji)(ji)、磁阻(zu)同(tong)(tong)步(bu)(bu)電(dian)(dian)動機(ji)(ji)和磁滯同(tong)(tong)步(bu)(bu)電(dian)(dian)動機(ji)(ji)。
2）異步(bu)電機(ji)可劃分：感(gan)應電動機(ji)和交(jiao)流換向器電動機(ji)。
感應電(dian)(dian)動機(ji)(ji)可劃(hua)分：三(san)相異步電(dian)(dian)動機(ji)(ji)、單相異步電(dian)(dian)動機(ji)(ji)和罩異步電(dian)(dian)動機(ji)(ji)等。
交流換向器電(dian)動(dong)機(ji)可(ke)劃分(fen)：單相串勵電(dian)動(dong)機(ji)、交直流兩用電(dian)動(dong)機(ji)和推斥電(dian)動(dong)機(ji)。
3.按起動(dong)與(yu)運(yun)行方式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)可劃分：電(dian)(dian)(dian)容起動(dong)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)單(dan)相異(yi)步(bu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)機(ji)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)容運(yun)轉式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)單(dan)相異(yi)步(bu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)機(ji)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)容起動(dong)運(yun)轉式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)單(dan)相異(yi)步(bu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)機(ji)和分相式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)單(dan)相異(yi)步(bu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)機(ji)。
4.按用(yong)途(tu)可劃(hua)分(fen)：驅動用(yong)電(dian)動機和(he)控制用(yong)電(dian)動機。
1）驅(qu)動(dong)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)可劃(hua)分：電(dian)(dian)動(dong)工具（包括鉆孔、拋光(guang)、磨光(guang)、開槽、切割、擴孔等(deng)(deng)工具）用(yong)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)、家電(dian)(dian)（包括洗衣機(ji)(ji)、電(dian)(dian)風扇、電(dian)(dian)冰(bing)箱、空調器(qi)、錄(lu)音機(ji)(ji)、錄(lu)像機(ji)(ji)、影碟機(ji)(ji)、吸塵器(qi)、照相機(ji)(ji)、電(dian)(dian)吹風、電(dian)(dian)動(dong)剃須(xu)刀等(deng)(deng)）用(yong)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)及其他通用(yong)小型機(ji)(ji)械(xie)設(she)備（包括各種小型機(ji)(ji)床、小型機(ji)(ji)械(xie)、醫療器(qi)械(xie)、電(dian)(dian)子儀器(qi)等(deng)(deng)）用(yong)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)。
  2）控制(zhi)用電動機(ji)又劃分：步進電動機(ji)和(he)伺服電動機(ji)等。
5.按轉(zhuan)子(zi)的結(jie)構可劃分：籠型(xing)感(gan)(gan)應電動(dong)(dong)機(ji)（舊標準稱為(wei)鼠籠型(xing)異步電動(dong)(dong)機(ji)）和繞(rao)線(xian)(xian)轉(zhuan)子(zi)感(gan)(gan)應電動(dong)(dong)機(ji)（舊標準稱為(wei)繞(rao)線(xian)(xian)型(xing)異步電動(dong)(dong)機(ji)）。
6.按運轉(zhuan)速(su)度可劃分：高速(su)電(dian)動(dong)機、低(di)速(su)電(dian)動(dong)機、恒速(su)電(dian)動(dong)機、調(diao)速(su)電(dian)動(dong)機。低(di)速(su)電(dian)動(dong)機又(you)分為齒輪減(jian)速(su)電(dian)動(dong)機、電(dian)磁減(jian)速(su)電(dian)動(dong)機、力(li)矩電(dian)動(dong)機和(he)爪同步(bu)電(dian)動(dong)機等。
調速(su)電(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)除可分為有(you)恒速(su)電(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)、無(wu)(wu)恒速(su)電(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)、有(you)變(bian)速(su)電(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)和無(wu)(wu)變(bian)速(su)電(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)外(wai)，還可分為電(dian)磁(ci)調速(su)電(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)、直流調速(su)電(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)、PWM變(bian)頻調速(su)電(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)和開關(guan)磁(ci)阻調速(su)電(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)。
異步電(dian)動機(ji)的(de)轉子轉速總是略低于旋轉磁場的(de)同(tong)步轉速。
同(tong)步電動機的轉(zhuan)子轉(zhuan)速(su)(su)與負(fu)載大小無(wu)關而始(shi)終保持為(wei)同(tong)步轉(zhuan)速(su)(su)。
